Combined lubricant G32
Neutral ester wax for PVC processing.
Ester Lubricants
PVC ester lubricants are a broad class of compounds based on esters of fatty or aromatic acids with monohydric alcohols or polyols. They represent one of the most numerous, versatile, and highly efficient additive groups for both rigid and flexible PVC formulations, as they allow flexible tuning of processing behaviour—from internal to external lubrication—depending on their chemical structure.
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When the alcohol component has a relatively short carbon chain, the resulting esters exhibit higher polarity and good compatibility with PVC. In this case, they act as low-volatility internal lubricants, operating at the molecular level by reducing friction between polymer chains. This leads to lower melt viscosity, improved flow, faster plasticisation, and reduced plate-out.
As the carbon chain length of the alcohol component increases, ester polarity decreases, resulting in reduced compatibility with the polymer and a tendency to migrate to the surface. In this case, they function as external lubricants, forming a thin layer between the melt and metal surfaces of the equipment, preventing sticking and scorching while ensuring good surface gloss. Unlike many other external lubricants, ester-based lubricants are characterised by low volatility.
A significant portion of ester lubricants exhibits intermediate polarity and therefore can act as combined lubricants, providing a balanced and more controlled influence on PVC compound rheology.
A special application of ester lubricants is the improvement of gloss in road marking formulations, where EBS (ethylene bis(stearamide)) is commonly used.
Classification of Ester Lubricants by Effect on Melt Rheology
| Type of lubricant | Examples of compounds | Main function |
| Internal | Esters of aromatic acids (G60) and dicarboxylic acids (G59); glycerol stearates (GMS) | Accelerates fusion, reduces melt temperature, improves filler dispersion. |
| External | Esters of polyhydric alcohols (polyols) – G24 | Delays plasticisation, increases melt residence time in equipment, improves surface gloss. |
| Combined | Neutral ester waxes (G32) | Provide a balanced internal and external lubrication effect. |
Advantages of Use
High efficiency: Optimal dosage is typically 0.2–1.5 phr per 100 parts PVC.
Thermal stability: Improve dynamic thermal stability of the compound, preventing polymer degradation at high processing speeds.
Compatibility: Work well in combination with calcium/zinc (Ca/Zn), tin (Sn), and lead (Pb) stabiliser systems.
Versatility: Allow increased filler loading (e.g., calcium carbonate) without loss of extruder productivity.
Revada Plastic Products
External lubricant EBS
High-temperature external lubricant for PVC processing.
External lubricant G24
Polyol ester lubricant for high-speed PVC extrusion.
Internal lubricant P1141
Partial glycerol ester of fatty acids for rigid PVC film production.
Lubricant G59
Lubricant for PVC processing.
Lubricant G60
Ester lubricant for PVC processing.
Lubricant G70S
Multifunctional fatty acid ester for PVC processing.
Lubricant P728
Partial polyol ester.
We Will Help You Select and Implement the Right Ester Lubricants
We select solutions tailored to your production requirements, equipment, formulation, and finished-product specifications. We provide samples for testing and support implementation to ensure consistent results.
